A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun what is the name of that boy who just walked in here the clause who just walked in is an example of a relative clause. They are introduced by a relative pronoun like that, which, who, whose, where and when. I thanked to the tourist who he helped me with my english. Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with a participle. We use whose as the possessive form of who this is george, whose brother went to school with me. Relative clauses headed by zeros are frequently called contact clauses in tefl contexts, and may also be called zero clauses. Defining relative clauses give us essential information information that tells us who or what we are talking about.
Sometimes this is extra information, and the sentence would be correct without the clause. Write a relative pronoun that, which, who, where, when or whose to fill each gap. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. The newspaper reported that the tiger which killed its keeper has been put down.
Activity 4 rela tive clauses 5 minutes relative clauses are clauses in sentences which add information about the subject of the sentence. Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. Introduction english language is a vital part of our work in british council. Relative clauses are used to describe the noun naming the process or position when discussing tasks that need to be completed, or explaining how certain things work. Relative clauses are a way of giving more information about a person, thing, place, event, etc. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. Relative clauses ozet anlatim muhammed ozgur yasar. Relative pronouns and relative clauses british council. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar.
The lesson plan and student worksheets can be downloaded in pdf format below. A collection of english esl relative clauses, preintermediate a2 worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to t. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are talking about. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in certain conditions. Manhattan, in the centre of new york, has some of the tallest buildings in the world, all thanks to the ice age. We form relative clauses by using relative pronouns and relative pronouns to join two clauses together.
In this lesson, students read about uk businessman richard bransons ideas. The information may be quite interesting and important to the larger conversation, but it is not essential for precise identification of the noun. Review the rules on relative clauses and youll be able to do this as well. In the worksheet, students first need to decide whether the relative clause can be reduced or not, then make the necessary changes in the sentence to make it shorter. Old bushmills distillery, carrickarede rope bridge, giants causeway. The relative pronoun can be deleted if there is a new subject and verb following it a.
The local council is going to end the system whereby street. There are two types defining relative clauses and nondefining relative clauses. Relative clauses are used to give additional information about a noun, such as a person, place or thing. My brother, who is an attorney, is going to bermuda on business next week. Defining add essential information to tell us what we are talking about, nondefining add extra information. If that is analyzed as a complementizer rather than as a relative pronoun the above sentences would be represented differently. This ielts lesson provides you with 8 essential facts about these clauses to help with your grammar for the test. Relative clause teachingenglish british council bbc. It is also common for participle clauses, especially with ing, to follow conjunctions and prepositions such as before, after, instead of, on, since, when, while and in spite of. Relative clauses defining relative clauses british council learn. Play our grammar games and have fun while you learn.
Defining relative clauses also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Print the reference card, activity sheet and test for more practice. Marie curie is the woman who she discovered radium. We usually use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a defining relative clause. Relative clauses present and past participle forms e. Defining relative clauses contrast and compare listen for specific information provide explanations reading. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses british council. Heres a worksheet on reduced relative clauses for you to check your students on reduced relative clauses. Grammatik relative clauses and contact clauses 4 losungen exercise 1 a nick is a boy who is in my class. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. We use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. To develop students ability to use relative pronouns that, who and which and other ways to link sentences introduction this lesson is about giants causeway in northern ireland.
Ielts academic module preparation writing lesson 5. Relative pronouns and relative clauses learnenglish british council. The ability to use relative clauses easily is important to all english learners, but perhaps even more important to those wanting to use english in their workplaces. British council the united kingdoms international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities. A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun.
Second in importance is the clause and the best way to think about clauses is as part of a sentence. Reducing relative clauses is difficult to understand. Relative clauses are complex sentences, and in the ielts examination writing complex sentences plays a very important role, and you also have the knowledge of using these complex sentences in the right places. The uros people make fires, which they use for cooking. Review defining and nondefining relative clauses and look at reduced relative clauses. This is the picture whichthat caused such a sensation. Here the clause who just walked in is an example of a relative clause. Whose is a possessive for people animals and things. That cannot be used as a relative pronoun in a nonrestrictive relative clause. Defining clauses defining clauses specifydefine which personthinganimal is meant.
I have a friend who spent a year at a british university. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Consumption of pizzas was far higher than hamburgers, which were consumed approximately 5 times a year. The worksheet covers a broad range of activities, including reading, vocabulary work, grammar practice relative clauses and speaking. Object of a verb which or that or no relative at all. You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when. Advanced english grammar relative clauses may 2, 2019.
Relative clauses and contact clauses englischtipps. The manager who has been with the company for five years is leaving. We use relative pronouns like which, that, who and where at the beginning of relative clauses. This measure is used in restrictive relative clauses only as an alternative to voicing that, which or who, whom, etc. There are various ways of supplying more information about a noun in english.
The relative pronoun is the subjectobject of the relative clause, so we do not repeat the subjectobject. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object. The information in relative clauses is always essential for understanding. The presenter is a bit strange, the points dont make sense and the prizes could use some improvement, but at least the. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Relative clauses are another very common way of supplying more specific information about a noun referring to a person, thing or group, e. This type of relative clause merely provides extra information. Develop listening skills though an optional video leadin. Relative clauses tell us more about people and things. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Photocopy pdf from the oxford advanced english file.
We dont use that in nondefining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. May 02, 2019 relative clauses the most important unit of grammatical organization in linguistics is the sentence. We form relative clauses by using relative pronouns and relative pronouns to join two clauses together relative pronouns who. This 6page lesson plan is based on an article about the future of the music streaming sector. We always use a relative pronoun or adverb to start a nondefining relative clause. Relative clauses and adjective phrases truefalse the second sentence accurately describes information in the first sentence. See more ideas about relative clauses, teaching english and relative pronouns. The following esl efl resources are available for relative clauses grammar. Relative clauses in english article onestopenglish. This lesson plan teaches students to identify and use relative clauses. Relative pronouns english grammar today cambridge dictionary. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas imagine, tom is in a room with five girls. Relative clauses are also called adjective clauses.
A relative clause is a clause which tells us more about a noun or a noun phrase. Relative clauses are nonessential parts of a sentence. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Relative clauses are a type of complex sentence it essential that you know how to write complex sentences if you want to do well in the ielts writing test. We sometimes use whom as the object of a verb or preposition this is george, whom you met at our house. Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions. Develop writing skills and practice using relative clauses accurately and appropriately thought an optional writing activity. There are two kinds of relative clauses relative clauses contain information about nouns. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. It provides students with opportunities to describe places and combine clauses with conjunctions and relative pronouns. The man who wants to talk to you is waiting for you. Relative clauses describe or give extra information about something.
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